AP World History DBQ free essay sample

During colonial times, indentured servitude became increasingly popular, notably in the Americas. Underprivileged natives of places including India, China, and Japan sought a better life in the Americas and Africa; however, lacking a sufficient amount of money for basic commodities, such people were promised food and housing from their employers in exchange for their labor. During the 17th and 18th centuries, these people migrated to the Americas to work on plantations, cultivating cash crops like tobacco and bringing great wealth to plantation owners. Unlike slaves, indentured servants were only required to work for as long as their contracts stated. Caused by underprivileged individuals’ desires for better lives and plantations’ need for labor to meet the growing demand for resources, indentured servitude had a negative impact on the world by altering global demographics and forcing servants to face arduous living and working conditions. Indentured servitude, like slavery, was necessary in order to meet growing demands for labor, although indentured servants were not seized by violence and ultimately aimed to better their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on AP World History DBQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Document1, Herman Merivale makes indentured servitude seem almost ethical as compared to slavery. However, as British Undersecretary of the Colonies, Merivale is a government official who obviously benefits from the servants’ labor. As a man of high status, he profits from their work and feels as if servants are treated fine, at least far better than slaves. His position influences his opinion, making his statement completely biased. An additional diary or journal entry from an indentured servant himself would further support the thesis by providing personal reasons for why someone of a lower status would join the indentured servitude workforce, rather than a statement from an elite official. Furthermore, in Document 2, an editorial from a South African newspaper explains how the need for labor is increasing exponentially, especially in South Africa, which eventually welcomed a great influx of indentured servants from India. Although indentured servitude seemed like the ideal solution to the problems faced by both the underprivileged and the elite, it still had an overall negative effect on the world. Indentured servitude had an effect on global demographics. Documents 3, 4, 6, and 9 illustrate the influx of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese servantsinto areas in Africa, Latin America and the Polynesian islands. Although this allowed for cultural diversity in areas such as the Americas, these migrations caused somewhat of an imbalance in regional populations. Large countries such as India, China, and Japan witnessed population decreases while small islands such as Mauritius, where most of the population consisted of indentured servants and former slaves, might have been suffering from overpopulation. Overpopulation, which subsequently causes food shortages, was just one of the many negative working conditions that indentured servants faced. A graph or chart recording the migrations’ effects on native societies’ populations would globalize the view of its effects. Indentured servitude called for many immigrants to work under unfair policies and arduous conditions. Document 5 depicts the crowded plantations and dense fields in which indentured servants were required to work. The images demonstrate working conditions similar to those of slaves. Moreover, Document 7 demonstrates that servants faced tedious, laborious lifestyles, often working several hours a day, six days a week for little in return. Contradicting Document 7, Document 8 presents a hardworking female servant expressing her discontent with her lifestyle. Due to both her low status and her gender, she is subject to even greater discrimination within the plantation; thus she is treated very unfairly, working longer hours for even less pay than others. Access to a journal kept by a servant would provide for a more thorough view on the hardships of being indentured. Sadly, this was the case for such servants who devoted themselves to lives of labor ultimately to no avail. Indentured servitude had an overall negative impact on the world. Although employers benefited from their work, most others had suffered, and this had a definite impact on the lower classes. Despite the fact that indentured servitude was a more attractive alternative to slavery, it still had a somewhat equally negative global effect.

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain Isabella I of Spain (April 22, 1451–November 26, 1504) was the queen of Castile and Leà ³n in her own right and, through marriage, became the queen of Aragon.  She  married Ferdinand II of Aragon, bringing the kingdoms together into what became Spain under the rule of her grandson Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.  She sponsored Columbus voyages to the Americas and was known as  Isabel la Catolica, or Isabella the Catholic, for her role  in purifying the Roman Catholic faith by expelling Jews from her lands and defeating the Moors. Fast Facts: Queen Isabella Known For: Queen of Castile, Leà ³n, and Aragon (became Spain)Also Known As: Isabella the CatholicBorn: April 22, 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres,  CastileParents: King John II of Castile, Isabella of PortugalDied: Nov. 26, 1504 in Medina del Campo, SpainSpouse: Ferdinand II of AragonChildren: Joanna of Castile, Catherine of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon, Maria of Aragon, and John, Prince of Asturias Early Life At her birth on April 22, 1451, Isabella was second in the line of succession to her father, King John II of Castile, following her older half-brother Henry.  She became third in line when her brother Alfonso was born in 1453. Her mother was  Isabella of Portugal, whose father was a son of King John I of Portugal and whose mother was a granddaughter of the same king.  Her fathers father was Henry III of Castile, and his mother was Catherine of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt (third son of Englands Edward III) and Johns second wife, the Infanta Constance of Castile. Isabellas half-brother became Henry IV, king of Castile, when their father, John II, died in 1454 when Isabella was 3. Isabella was raised by her mother until 1457, when the two children were brought to court by Henry to keep them from being used by opposition nobles. Isabella was well educated.  Her tutors included Beatriz Galindo, a professor at the University at Salamanca in philosophy, rhetoric, and medicine. Succession Henrys first marriage ended in divorce and without children. When his second wife, Joan of Portugal,  gave birth to daughter Juana in 1462, the opposition nobles  claimed that Juana was the daughter of Beltran de la Cueva, duke of Albuquerque. Thus, shes known in history as Juana la Beltraneja. The oppositions attempt to replace Henry with Alfonso failed, with the final defeat coming in July 1468 when Alfonso died of suspected poisoning. historians, however, consider it more likely he succumbed to the plague. He had named Isabella his successor. Isabella was offered the crown by the nobles but she refused, probably because she didnt believe she could maintain that claim in opposition to Henry.  Henry was willing to compromise with the nobles and accept Isabella as his heiress. Marriage Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, a second cousin, in October 1469 without Henrys approval. The cardinal of Valentia, Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI), helped Isabel and Ferdinand obtain the necessary papal dispensation, but the couple still had to resort to pretenses and disguises to carry out the ceremony in Valladolid.  Henry withdrew his recognition and named Juana as his heir.  At Henrys death in 1474, a war of succession ensued, with Alfonso V of Portugal, prospective husband of Isabellas rival Juana, supporting Juanas claims. The dispute was settled in 1479 with Isabella recognized as Queen of Castile. Ferdinand by this time had become King of Aragon, and the two ruled both realms with equal authority, unifying Spain. Among their first acts were various reforms to reduce the power of the nobility and increase the power of the crown. After her marriage, Isabella appointed Galindo as tutor to her children. Galindo founded hospitals and schools in Spain, including the Hospital of the Holy Cross in Madrid, and probably served as an adviser to Isabella after she became queen. Catholic Monarchs In 1480, Isabella and Ferdinand instituted the Inquisition in Spain, one of many changes to the role of the church instituted by the monarchs. The Inquisition was aimed mostly at Jews and Muslims who had overtly converted to Christianity but were thought to be practicing their faiths secretly. They were seen as heretics who rejected Roman Catholic orthodoxy. Ferdinand and Isabella were given the title the Catholic monarchs by  Pope Alexander VI in recognition of their role in purifying the faith. Among Isabellas other religious pursuits, she took a special interest in the Poor Clares. an order of nuns. Isabella and Ferdinand planned to unify all of Spain by continuing a long-standing but stalled effort to expel the Moors, Muslims who held parts of Spain. In 1492, the Muslim Kingdom of Granada fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, thus completing the Reconquista. That same year, Isabella and Ferdinand issued an edict expelling all Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity. New World Also in 1492, Christopher Columbus convinced Isabella to sponsor his first voyage of exploration. By the traditions of the time, when Columbus was the first European to encounter lands in the New World, these lands were given to Castile. Isabella took a special interest in the Native Americans of the new lands. When some were brought back to Spain as slaves, she insisted they be returned and freed, and her will expressed her wish that the Indians be treated with justice and fairness. Death and Legacy By her death on Nov. 26, 1504, Isabellas sons, grandsons, and her older daughter Isabella, queen of Portugal, had already died, leaving as Isabellas only heir Mad Joan Juana, who became queen of Castile in 1504 and of Aragon in 1516. Isabella was a patron of scholars and artists, establishing educational institutions and building a large collection of artwork. She learned Latin as an adult and was widely read, and she educated her daughters as well as her sons. The youngest daughter, Catherine of Aragon, became the first wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Isabellas will, the only writing that she left, summarizes what she thought were her reigns achievements as well as her wishes for the future. In 1958, the Roman Catholic church began the process to canonize Isabella.  After an exhaustive investigation, the commission appointed by the church determined that she had a reputation of sanctity and was inspired by Christian values. In 1974, she was recognized with the title Servant of God by the Vatican, a step in the process of canonization. Sources Isabella I: Queen of Spain. Encyclopedia Brittanica.Isabella I. Encyclopedia.com.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution Research Paper

Impact of the Industrial Revolution - Research Paper Example However, the use of the initial spinning machines was dependent on water power hence the production cite had to be at the proximity of rivers. Nevertheless, this led to more innovations through which steam engines were discovered and thus substituted the reliance on waterpower. However, it is worth noting that despite the discovery of the spinning mule in 1785, the production efficiency in textile industry was not any better than through hand until higher modifications were done. This would explain the reluctance observed in adoption of the machine at the time. Gradual acceptance of the machine took place and this led to the full adoption of the discovery in the mid nineteenth century. Preface The late 18th century to the early 19th century saw a shift in mechanisms and practices that were traditionally used in manufacturing to modernized systems of manufacturing. There was a shift from production methods, which involved hand production methods to the introduction, and adoption of me chanization processes. Production mechanisms in use prior to the revolution encouraged the furtherance of such vices as slave trade, which supplied the required labor cheaply for higher gains in production especially within the western economies. Previously, the efficiency in production was greatly compromised because of the use of such crude mechanisms of production as the hand/manual labor. This period marked the introduction of simple machines, iron production as well as chemical manufacturing. The processes adopted encouraged the extensive use of steam power for running engines besides improvisation of machine tools. Discovery of coal and its use for fuel equally dates back to the period where coal proved to be more effective as a source of power over wood as well as other bio fuels that were in use previously. However, it is worth noting that the revolution points its origin from Britain though it easily dispersed to other parts of the world from Europe to the US. The revolutio n is shown to have had some sort of impact to merely every aspect of human life. For instance, such aspects of social economic lives of human beings as average income as well as population growth changed; there was a notable growth in both of these aspects. The living standards of all populations had thus a celebrated notable improvement, which illustrated growth patterns. Generally accepted is the fact that the revolution had great influence on social and economic change across the globe. However, it is worth noting that the industrial revolution has been a topic of great debates with both advantages as well as disadvantages of the same being postulated. Discussion As indicated from the photo, the textile industry received and exhibited great evolution with the commencement of industrial revolution. Industrial production of textile products was wholly dependent on human labor prior to the commencement of industrial revolution. In fact, it is estimated that the output levels were ve ry low as this depended on all factors that would influence the productivity of a human being. Such factors as the level of motivation as well as environmental factors would inhibit massive production in the textile indus

Sir Walliam Ramsay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sir Walliam Ramsay - Essay Example Till 1870, he imparted his early education in his native place. He spent his time at Fitting’s laboratory located at Tubingen at the time of preparing thesis on orthotoluic acid and its derivatives succeed him in having the doctorate degree (Tilden & Ramsay 2010, p. 28). Thereafter, Ramsay became the Anderson associate at the Anderson College. In the year 1879, he got inducted as Professor of Chemistry at the University College of Bristol (Tilden & Ramsay 2010, p. 30). Merry moments came in the life of Ramsay when he got married to Margaret, the daughter of George Stevenson Buchanan. They left behind them one son and a daughter. His passion was traveling and learning of different languages (Kauffman 2004, p. 378). When he came to Scotland in the year 1872, he joined as assistant in the chemistry department at Anderson College in Glasgow. Two years after, he acquired similar status at the University. In the year 1880, he assumed the office of Principal and Professor of Chemistry at University College, Bristol. In the year 1887, he joined the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at University College, London, a coveted position where he took his retirement in 1913 (Tilden & Ramsay 2010, p. 32). The initial work of Ramsay was in the field of organic chemistry. During the period of his doctoral assignments, he published his work on picoline with the connivance of Dobbie with regard to the product of the quinine alkaloids during the tenure of 1878 to 1879 (Thomas 2004, p. 6419). He had written number of articles on picoline and on the decomposed products of the quinine alkaloids. From the inception of eighties, he was actively involved in physical chemistry. His contributions towards chemistry, being the most rewarding contribution in terms of stoichiometry and thermodynamics are considered marvellous. It has helped him a lot for the investigations carried out with Sidney Young on the subject of evaporation and dissociation

Mau Mau Insurgence. Strategic Assessment of Mau Mau Research Paper

Mau Mau Insurgence. Strategic Assessment of Mau Mau - Research Paper Example Kenyans were reacting to the oppressive nature of British rule, and especially to the confining boundaries that British officials had drawn for them in the political, economic, and social spheres.† The Kikuyu tribes had begun to surface their voice back in 1924 when Kikuyu Central Association (KCA) was formed to voice public anger politically. Later on, it was KCA that provided the foundations to Kenya Land Freedom Army (KLFA) or simply known to be LFA. The British settlers were blamed to exploit the powers conferred upon them through imperial rule and land acquisition of more than 43,000 square feet land from Kikuyu peasants. Forced nationalization of live stock and breach of women rights were among the major phenomenon which historically have contributed towards the formation of LFA. John Maina Kahihu from the Mau Mau's political wing said in a post independence interview, "In 1942 we had fought for the British. But when we came home from the war they gave us nothing." (Slaughter, 1999). In the backdrop of this political trust deficit insurrection and insurgence are supposed to be natural phenomenon. Moreover, the freedom of subcontinent states from British colonial rule through a long stretched political struggle in 1948 had already set a precedent for Kenyans. In 1950 Kikuyu tribes Led by Dedan Kimathi, had begun to formulate in the forests of Nairobi to start an armed resistance to British Colonial Empire. The assassination of Senior Chief Waruhui in October 1952 further deteriorated the political efforts for a peaceful solution. Governor declared the state of emergency in the country which gave unlimited powers to British authorities to detain the insurgents and put off the rebellion. The Mau Mau gang was predominately composed of Kikuyu tribesmen who were known for their brutality. To be a part of Mau Mau gang tribesmen had to take an oath to testify that they will endeavor for the ouster of British settlers and colonial rule. The gangs begin to enlarge in early second half of the 20th century. The oath was not considered a free choice by Mau Mau gangs rather they used severe atrocities against their own tribesman who refused to favour their version of British ouster. Mau Mau gangs run door to door campaigns to gather as much power as possible to launch a barbarous insurgency against the colonial rule. Such a movement, especially in a colonial state could not be tolerated long and even a strict British response to this insurgency was solicited by the Colonial Secretary and Governor. The British government planned and executed a successful counter insurgency strategy to tackle the Mau Mau. The major stakeholders of this Kenyan insurgence include the Kikuyu tribes, Dedan Kimathi, the leader of Mau Mau, other Kenyans who joined Mau Mau, the British Colonial authorities in Kenya, British settlers and British Home Office. Kikuyu tribes were gauged to be one fifth of the Kenyan population. They were the major contributor to this insurgence because they had suffered a lot in the past and had only fewer things to lose in case of a fresh bloodshed. Kikuyu tribes were the occupant of the most fertilized land in Kenya which was later on taken over by the British settlers. The president of Kenya African Union, Jomo Kenyatta tried to mollify the

Ids Strengths And Weaknesses Information Technology Essay

Ids Strengths And Weaknesses Information Technology Essay Most organization with security infrastructure has become necessary to implement intrusion detection systems because of increased in number and severity due to signs of security problems. There are two types of intrusion detection system either NIDS or a HIDS approach are depend on how to select for their specific system and network environments. Combining these two technologies will produce truly effect results when work together will greatly improve network resistance to attacks and misuse. The graphic below demonstrates how host-based and network-based intrusion detection techniques work together because some events are detectable by network IDS only. Others that is detectable only at the host IDS. Strengths of Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems that the network-based systems cannot match Close to-real-time detection and reaction Intrusion detection is the route of monitoring the events taking place in a network or computer system. Both intrusion detection systems have different type of timing that is monitored. Many early host-based IDSs used timing scheme, as because it relied on operating system audit trails to generate as files that producing verification results of whether an attack was doing well or not. But in many cases an attack can be detected by intruder and stopped it before damage is done. Host-based IDS monitor explicit system activities Application-based IDSs are subset of host-based IDSs since host-based IDSs operate on information such as operating system audit logs which are collected from individual computer system. Host-based detection can analyze activities with great reliability and precision, for examples, host-based IDS can monitor all user login and logoff activity. Furthermore, determining which processes are involved in an operating system. Disparate network-based IDSs, host-based IDSs can distinguish the conclusion of an attempted attack as quickly as it is executed. Ultimately, host-based system is able to examine changes to key system files and executables frequently targeted by attacks. Attack such as install Trojan horses can be stopped. Network-based system sometimes misses this type of activity. Host-based detection systems are talented to associate users and programs with their effects on a system to alert the information such as what users issued what command and when. This is mainly because HID S are part of the target and are therefore capable to provide very superior information concerning the state of the system throughout an attack. Host-based IDS can detect attacks that network-based system fail to spot Host-based system is able to detect attacks via computer equipment such as keyboard that connected to critical server but do not cross the network, but network-based IDS cannot detect such attacks. In other words, HIDS only have to deal with attacks directed at the target itself and do not worry about capturing all the packets that cross a network. Consequently, NIDS are greatly less computationally expensive and have comparatively low performance impact on the host platform. Strengths of network-based Intrusion Detection Systems that the host-based systems cannot match Network-based IDS can detect attacks that host-based system fail to spot HIDSs cannot detest sign of suspicious activity such as attacks can only be indentified when travel across a network, for examples; IP-based denial-of-service (DOS) and fragmented packet (TearDrop) attacks because such attacks only can be recognized when travel across the network. NIDS may be invisible to the attacker while a HIDS will almost certainly leave some software footprint on systems where it is installed. NIDS deal with traffic as theoretical data for examples; a denial of service or death packet which might collapse a target host will not influence the NIDS. Instantaneous detection and reaction Network-based will gather information from network traffic streams to produce real-time IDS results quickly to allow the IDS to take immediate action to detect attack. Network-based IDS captured information sources from LAN segment or network backbones by analyzing network packets that are linked to the network segment, in so doing, with the network component providing early warning to immediate termination of the attack. Network-based Intrusion detection system are installed per network segment rather than per host Installing host-based IDSs on each host in the organization can be tremendously time-consuming and more expensive to deploy, since IDS has to be and installing software on every system that is to be monitored. For examples, coverage of 100 systems might require to installing a HIDS on each of the 100 systems. Whereby, network-based IDS allow strategic deployment at essential technique for viewing network traffic destined to several systems. Consequently, network-based systems do not require software to be installed and managed on a variety of hosts. In other words, NIDS are operating environment independent and may be invisible to the attacker. When deploying network-based IDSs to locate the system sensors to obtain advantages. A network-based placed external of a firewall can detect attacks from the external humankind, that break through the networks perimeter defences, yet still the firewall may be rejecting these attempts. Host-based systems unable to see rejected attacks that hit a host inside the firewall will not produce information that important in assess security policies. Conclusion In summary, NIDS do extremely well at detecting network-level abnormalities and abuses but NIDS may miss packets due to congestion on the network link that they are monitoring. Secondary, NIDS do not have a good notion of user identity because TCP/IP traffic does not convey an association. Therefore the NIDS would have difficulty telling the administrator accurately whether or not the attack had any effect. In a nutshell, the HIDS are more hostile about file integrity checking and collecting information including their CPU usage and file accesses. But the strengths of the HIDS relate directly to its weaknesses simply because HIDS is part of the target, any information it provides may be altered or deleted. for that reason, HIDS will have difficulty detecting attacks that completely wipe out the target system. When the operating system is crashed, the HIDS has crashed along with it and not alert is generated. Last but not least, a mixture of IDS tools must be used. Both HIDS and NIDS have matching strengths and weaknesses which, when combined, yield a very robust detection capability. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying IDS Overview Network Manager should request a proper guidance from vendors who specialize in IDS deployment and capable to provide detailed documentation and advice to select right features and capabilities Intrusion detection software where new flaws and vulnerabilities are discovering on a daily basis. There are many way of describing Intrusion detection systems. The primary descriptors are the system monitoring approaches, the analysis strategy, and the timing of information sources and analysis. The most common commercial Intrusion detection systems are real-time network-based. In order to select the best Intrusion detection systems and to integrate intrusion detection functions with the rest of the organization security infrastructure, governing factors. The most important that to prevent crisis behaviour that can abuse the system by increasing the perceived risk of discovery, improved diagnosis and rectification of causative factors. The first steps needed to illustration the characteristic of the threat from outside and inside an organisation, assisting in making decisions regarding the network is likely to be attacked and allocation of computer security resources. Additionally, understanding the frequency and features of attacks allows Network Manager drawing up the budget for network security resources whether the network currently under attack or likely to be attack. In todays hacking environment an attack can be launched and completed in under a millisecond. So that, another consideration that Network Manager should understand the functional components of the IDS whether components are the Host on which the IDS software runs. Most of the well-known desktop operating systems such as Windows 95-98 and Windows ME lack system logging facilities. Accountability and response are two overarching goals that Network Manager should state for intrusion detection systems. It is extremely difficult to enforce accountability in any system with weak identification and authentication mechanisms. To achieve the goals, Network Manager should understand and evaluate the control strategy of the input and output of the IDS then analyze which process model for Intrusion detection can help to determine what goals are best addressed by each intrusions detection system. For instance, military or other organizations that deal with national security issues tend to manage with a high degree of regulation. Some Intrusion Detection systems offer features that support enforcement of formal use policies. The resources prerequisite for each category of IDS varies broadly. Solution or general method to categorize Intrusion Detection systems is to assembly by information source. Network-based intrusion detection system analyze network packet. Other Intrusion Detection systems analyze information generated by the operating system. Perhaps the Network Manager can specify a security goal is by categorizing an organizations threat concerns. At this time, Network Manager can review the existing organization security policies, network infrastructure and resource level. If, on the other hand, the organization wishes to actively respond to such violations so that they can deal with alarms in an appropriate manner. The following session will discussed the advantages and disadvantages associated with different type of deployment of Intrusion Detection systems in an organization. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying Network Intrusion Detection systems The above diagram shows a typical deployment of Network Intrusion detection systems for doing packet analysis. An intrusion detection system placed outside the firewall to detect attack attempts coming from Internet. The advantages of Network-based IDS can be ready to protect against attack and even made undetectable to many attackers. To accomplish advantages of Network Intrusion detection system, well-placed network-based IDS can monitor a large network but it may have complicatedness processing all packets in a large or busy network and, consequently, may fail to distinguish an attack launched during periods of high traffic. Other disadvantages of Network-based Intrusion detection system cannot analyze encrypted information. Location 1 of Network-based IDS sensors, placed behind the external firewall and Router has advantages to observe attacks, originating from the outside world, that break through the networks perimeter defences that may target the ftp server or web server. Most network-based Intrusion detection system cannot tell whether or not an attack was successful. Location 2 of the Network-based IDS sensors placed outside an external firewall has advantages to document sort of attack originating on the Internet that target to attack the network. For full enterprise coverage Network Intrusion detection system must be placed on each network segment and should be able to remotely manage the various Network Intrusion detection systems, collate the information gathered, and display the enterprise-wide information on a console. Now the market has a number of products that detect attacks in real-time and react straight away, hopefully before damage is done. An effective method for real-time Intrusion Detection is to monitor security-related activity occurring on the various systems and devices that make up the network. Real-tome activity monitors can detect attacks such as attempts to access unauthorized sensitive files or to replace the log-in program with a new version. When suspicious activity is detected the real-time activity monitor can take immediate action before damage is done. The advantage of real-time activity monitors is that they deploy close to the mission-critical data and applications. Monitoring for attacks from both the inside and the outside the network becomes much easier, since all of the devices are being watched. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems A host-based Intrusion Detection System resides on the system being monitored and tracks changes made to important files and directories with ability to monitor events local to a host. One of the advantages of host-based IDS is that it does not have to look for patterns, only changes within a specify set of rules. Host-based intrusion detection methodologies fall under Post-event audit trail analysis. For instance, products in this category perform automated audit trail analysis, reduction and management. Persistently the purchase of such a product can be justified on the cost savings achieved through the centralized and automation of audit trail management. Other advantages are that investigators can go back in time and do historical analysis of events that have occurred in the past. Lastly, this is particular helpful in exploration of break-ins that have taken place over a period of time. From the network-based security viewpoint, by the time it detects the security problem, its normally too late to react and look after the data, and the resulting consequences of the attack go far deeper into the network without resistance. In due course, the damage is already done by the time you find out. Also, given that most hackers learn how to cover up their tracks by tampering with audit trails, after-the-fact analysis often misses attacks. Conclusion In tradition way, most industrial devices lean to be primarily signature based like virus detection systems so they need periodic updates of these signatures to detect the most recent threats. An additional feature, called Active Response, that many NID systems offer is the ability to automatically react to detected alerts to protect the network from the threat. The majority attacks at the present come from the Internet, and the threat from the Internet is ever-increasing every year. Further, as large and medium businesses implement more sophisticated Internet defenses, it may have the effect of focusing attention on smaller businesses as hackers look for targets with a higher probabilities of success. Clearly, as small businesses use the Internet more and the threat from Internet attack increases, the risk increases. To help them mitigate this risk, they will find much of the attention of influential people and organizations in the IT industry is focused on deploying IDS systems. As present, it would be difficult to read about the Information Technology (IT) or IT security without encountering a wide array of advice in print and online recommending or assuming your organization has deployed a NIDS. It is easy and perhaps necessary to be influenced by these sources because they are a valuable source of information and analysis. Mainly because IT person dont have the time to research every new idea for running their networks, and they usually dont have a test tab. So they depend on published information to help guide policy and make decisions. In the case of NIDS, the advice is universally in favour of deployment. The sensor located in location 1 and 2 are the eyes of a network as defined above diagram, NIDS systems capture and analyze traffic across some network boundary. These will log data on every signal back to the monitoring station. With the sensors placed at these points, it becomes possible to observe analyze and document traffic travelling into and out of the network. With sensors in these positions a number analyses become possible whereby data from the outside sensor can be analyzed to provide information on the type, frequency, source and the target of reconnaissance scans and attacks. This information can then be used to identify specific scans, attacks, targets, and to an extent specific sources of malicious signals coming at the internal network. Secondly, the NIDS will show breaches of the firewall. The classic sign of this is a questionable signal showing up both in the outside and inside sensors. When th is happens, and there is not established session from within the LAN, its time to have a look at the firewall rules to see why this is happening. It is the only way an analyst can identify attacks and scans that dont match a predefined signature. By analyzing the logs of traffic, usually on the outside interface, it is possible to identify patterns showing new scans and attacks that are not captured by the NIDS signature library. In can provide records of network traffic for forensic analysis. All of these above analyses are different parts of the same idea. As the eye of the network, it makes observation and recording of network traffic possible. If analysis resources are added, it makes it possible to answer many questions about the signal environment outside the firewall, the effectiveness of the firewall, and the kinds and volume of traffic flowing through the network.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - A Life Foolishly Lived Essay

The Great Gatsby:  Ã‚  A Life Foolishly Lived  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Released in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby cleverly demonstrates the manners and morals commonly practiced throughout the time period. The plot revolves around several main themes and effectively expresses Fitzgerald’s unique perspective. With an objective standpoint, Nick Carraway narrates the story as Jay Gatsby, a foolish racketeer, tries to win over his lifelong love, Daisy Buchanan. Although pecuniary matters can often be too large of an influence on human relationships, the novel unveils several powerful battles entangling love, morals, and money. As Nick Carraway follows the tale of Jay Gatsby pursuing a dream, Gatsby can be observed as a foolish man working so hard, and yet accomplishing nothing. One of the numerous reasons why Jay Gatsby can be seen as foolhardy when simply pursuing a dream is not because he is foolish, but rather because of the method in which he does. Stretching back to the roots of his life, Gatsby was not a wealthy person in upbringing. Following a rigorous daily schedule and constant attempts at bettering his moral values are two of his hopeful methods to win over Daisy Buchanan. Improvements such as, "No more smoking or chewing, Bath every other day, be better to parents" (182), were yet a few of his guidelines to strive for constant self-improvement. Although realizing that Daisy cannot be so easily won over, Gatsby continues to toil in attempt to win his sole love. Not only did he concentrate on actual values in life for the future, Gatsby resolves to himself that he must change his past. Because of his dissatisfaction with his original name, James Gats, he alters his name to the more attractive Jay Gatsby.... ... the novel vividly depicted a life foolishly lived, only for a lost goal so long sought.    Works Cited Raleigh, John Henry. "F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby." Mizener 99-103. Sklar, Robert. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Last Laocoon. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1967. Trilling, Lionel. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.    1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Underline titles of novels. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When quoting, the final punctuation should come after the parentheses instead of inside the quote, â€Å"Right you are† (72). Instead of â€Å"right you are.† 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I see several different focuses within your paper, from the foolishness of Jay Gatsby to Myrtle to the corruption of the twenties.   Stick to one of the topics and explore it fully instead of jumping from topic to topic.        

Storey’s Three Comopnent Model

Moving on to the second part of the question looking at Storey’s , â€Å"Three Component Model† and how useful it is in identifying the key characteristics of successful growth businesses. Most of the small businesses do not grow beyond their classification as a micro firm, very few of the small firms rise to become a medium-size enterprise, and even fewer rise to become large companies in the future. Storey (1994) has identified three key components in the analysis of the growth of the small firms, they are influenced by the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the characteristics of the organization; and the types of strategy associated. Various different characteristics of each component can lead to a different type of growth within the SME. The characteristics of the entrepreneur are widely accepted as the vital ingredient that influences growth. For example, the personal goals of an entrepreneur are likely to influence why a business was started in the first place, as well as the strength of the firm’s growth orientation once it was established. Storey’s places less emphasis on personality per se and more on the personal characteristics which influence access to resources. These include * Motivation: This is likely to be the most indispensable and essential action or a commitment by the entrepreneur which makes a considerable difference in the growth of the enterprise. * Previous management experience: Earlier knowhow of organizing people and processes is important in maintaining growth. * Demographics of the entrepreneur: This is essentially with regard to the personality traits of the entrepreneur viz. Age and Education. These two traits can influence the growth of the firm, Entrepreneurs with higher educational qualifications are more likely to find high-tech and knowledge-based firms which in turn can be linked with higher growth rate of the firm. * Team management over individual management: Access to a wide range of resources, skills, experiences, advice and other resources is important to growth. A group of entrepreneurs are more liable to have the attributes wanted than just one person. Alongside these characteristics are more personal ones. Owners have a need to be independent and want to be their own managers. They believe that they can control and change the environment within which they work, to their benefit. They are often high achievers and are looking for recognition of their success. † (Burns, 2001). The characteristics of the enterprise also have an influence on its growth prospects: Ownership and Legal form: A limited company is more likely to grow than a sole trader or partner ship. Limited companies offer greater goodwill thereby attracting more customers and resources that it needs to accelerate its growth. It is also possible that as the companies develop they acquire a limited liability status so that the legal form is a result of growth. Firms Age: Younger firms tend to grow more and faster than the existing old firms, which reflects the need of the younger firm to attain a significant level of ‘critical mass’ to survive in the marketplace. Firms Size: Small firms find it very hard to grow to level of the bigger firms, as they lack the resources, skills and competitive edge. One of the main reasons being the entrepreneurs with a micro-firm do not wish to grow because of the reasons stated above. â€Å"Management devolution is essential for growth as it becomes impossible for the entrepreneur to manage on their own. Those firms that recruit experienced managers from larger firms are likely to be more successful. † (Storey, 1994). Storey’s review of area where management strategy may influence the growth of small firms includes: Introduction of new products: Companies cannot rely on a smaller product or service range for growth. They continuous innovation in the form of new products and services is a key to growth. This also includes modification of the existing products. Sharing of Equity: Willingness to share equity with external individuals or organizations was identified in small firms that actually achieved high rates of growth. Market position: Adopting defined niche markets is a key ingredient for the growth of the company

Child Abuse1 essays

Child Abuse1 essays Child abuse can lead to low self-esteem and reflect a persons image as negative. This relationship has been proven over many years. Child abuse may cause eating disorders, negative behaviors in children, and may result in a loss of personality. Therapists, teachers, and social workers have seen victims of abuse grow into stages of depression, suicide, and most commonly, have a poor self-image and a low self-esteem. Television exposure has a negative impact on attractiveness. Many young women have developed eating disorders, experience low-esteem, and thousands of people have undergone plastic surgery to have the appearance of a model on the television. The average adult does not have the appearance of Barbie or Ken. The constant media of beautiful people selling products will continue to have negative effects on people, as well as the popular trend of going under the knife. The unemployment rate is correlated with the incidence of violent crime. Studies have shown that an unemployed person is more incline to hold up someone for cash. The temptation of money without working is a thrill and a job for many unemployed people. The violence is not unusual for unemployed people, because it may be a survival skill for some. Surveys, experiments, and observational techniques may be used to study the negative impact television has on attractiveness. A survey could be passed out to students in a junior high school, high school, and in college. This survey would ask the students if they were comfortable with their body and would they change any part of their body, if they could? It would also ask if any of the students have had plastic surgery, besides a birth defect or accident. The survey would reveal the opinions of the students by age, race, and sex. The experiment given would allow the students the opportunity to enhance their self-image. The control group and the experim ...

The Elizabethan Times essays

The Elizabethan Times essays Even though the past is the past there are multiple eras that changed things around the same period. The Elizabethan Era began in 1558 and lasted until 1603 well after Britains most honorable queen passed away. During this time period every aspect of life was considerably complex and in our eyes abnormal, such thing would consist of everything from currency to lifestyles and as every one knows religion. While the Britain was going through all of these dramatic changes the most influential poet/play writer was born, William Shakespeare. Shakespeare contributed to in the evolution and growth of England like your couldnt imagine. In his 40 some years of literary creativity, Shakespeare was solely responsible for the creation of numerous life-altering plays such as Romeo most importantly because of Shakespeares involvement in play writing, Theatre flourished during the Elizabethan Era. A change theatres as well as culture were dramatic occurrences in the Queens era and thanks to the anc ient Britishs mind boggling customs we are what we are today. Queen Elizabeth I inherited the throne in 1558 at a youthful age of twenty-five. With her reign the English Renaissance lasted from the day she took the throne to 1603 (The Elizabethan ERA, 2000-2003). During her fearless reign things such as literature, theater, and every form of the arts flourished. Probably most known to the educational world, the famous play writer William Shakespeare was born and expressed his love for literature. The Elizabethan Era was a period in time, which shaped and bolded the views and aspects of our present day lives. Even though during the Elizabethan Era a monarch such as Queen Elizabeth I reigned civilization began to become just a little more civilized. Religion was a thing that every one had in the Elizabethan Era. We were all brought up to be Christians of one sort or another (Secara, 2002). The...

A person or a show that had an influence on the mass media Essay

A person or a show that had an influence on the mass media - Essay Example Other types of print media include magazines, journals and books. Through evolution, a wide range of newspapers is available for people to choose from in the market. Traditionally, different kinds of newspapers include the tabloids and the broadsheets, each covering different kinds of news. The broadsheet however is the most intellectual of and most informative of the two, as it focuses of the real issues. Contrary to this, the tabloid majors on gossips, entertainment and celebrity as well as sports news. Even as people enjoy their daily reading from their favourite newspapers, may it be news, politics or advertisements, they are little knowledgeable of the evolutionary process that the newspapers have gone through. Some think that they just appeared, while others remain clueless. However, newspapers have an interesting history of their origin and evolution. In this paper, I trace the origin of the brilliant brain behind one of the worlds’ leading forms of mass media communica tion, Johannes Gutenberg. Historical arguments point out that the earliest form of a printed book known as the â€Å"Diamond Sutra† was printed in China in 868 CE. Some historians however argue that this book was printed earlier than this. The truth is not verifiable. However, the man behind this great invention was Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith and a businessman from the mining town of Mainz in southern Germany. Research reveals that Johannes Gutenberg  borrowed money, which he invested in his invention. Luckily, his success drastically changed the world of printing. His earliest form of printing machine, the printing press, was made of replaceable or movable letters that were either wooden or metallic. According to Childress (2008), after a long struggle of trial and error, Gutenberg  completed the machine in 1440. There is an amusing story about how the idea occurred to Johannes. One day, as Johannes sat by the window reading a book chained to the reading table, he c ould not help from smiling at the wonderful ideas that the book contained. Outside, rain was pouring heavily, banging on the window. Suddenly, he felt angered by the precious nature of books then. Disgustingly, he shook his head, and vowed to look for a way that would reduce the value of books and enable people handle them in a different way. This incidence was the beginning of a research that led to the birth of the printing press, subsequently marking the start of mass reproduction of books. However, what benefited the most from this invention was the mass production of newspapers as a form of mass communication. Hundreds of years ago, the only means in which people could write books was by way of handwriting. There was no form of printing or publishing presses available for interested parties to exploit. Due to the rareness of the books, it prompted their chaining to the reading tables as a measure to prevent people from taking them away. Estimated cost of a book then was the cos t of a town house (Childress, 2008). Johannes was born in the year 1398 in Mainz Germany, but later moved to Strasbourg in 1428, escaping the rivalry that existed between the rich and the townspeople. He came from a very rich and powerful family as his father was a jeweller and a goldsmith working at the Mainz Mint. Starting his life as a goldsmith himself, Johannes learnt tips that would latter help him in his invention. Although he fell in love and went ahead to propose to Ennelin zu der Iserin Thure, he changed his mind along the way and broke

Flores v. Reno Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Flores v. Reno - Research Paper Example When the law catches up with the parents, however, society has long struggled with what to do with the children, particularly adolescents, while deportation proceedings are pending. Add to this the reality that there are thousands of illegal immigrant juveniles coming to the United States unaccompanied, which creates an even more muddied position where the law is concerned. There is grave disagreement in society over what to do with such immigrants who are found to be here illegally, yet lacking any strong custodial or family presence within the region. This paper deals with the facts of one such case that has caused America to re-think how they treat adolescents in such cases. Examined with be the facts and background of the case, and analysis of what the recent Flores v. Reno decision means for children of illegal immigrants today, and look at some current organisations that are providing assistance and aid to adolescents who find themselves caught in the middle of this fierce batt le. Facts and Background At the time that Flores (an illegal immigrant and juvenile) was detained, prevailing Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) policy was to hold the individual in a detention center until such time that they could either be deported or otherwise dealt with in a proper and law abiding manner. The issue, however, is that such facilities do not house only juveniles. Both sexes are present, juvenile and adult. The conditions are not conducive to minors, no educational services are provided, and social arrangements are not accommodated. Even thought Flores was an illegal immigrant lacking proper documentation, the argument was that her civil rights were being gravely violated. Interestingly enough, during this time, INS shifted its policy a bit to be more flexible in its provision that an interested adult party, should they be available, could take temporary custody of the juvenile. This was only permitted in special circumstances, however, and rarely acted u pon. The reason was that INS felt the juvenile would not have any reason to turn back up for deportation hearings, so they would be lost inside the system once again. Initially, the courts agreed with Flores, After the government won a series of appeals, however, the Supreme Court did eventually weigh in. In a 7-2 decision, the finding was against Flores and in favor of existing INS policy. While the various courts and Supreme Court Justices certainly wrestled with and sympathized with unaccompanied minor being detained, they did not feel that their rights were being unduly violated. They were to be remanded into INS custody, as deemed appropriate, until proper arrangements could be made for the care and/or return of the immigrants to their own country. The issue remains, of course, whether INS custody in a detention facility is the right place for a scared juvenile from another land. Subsequent to these rulings, the INS has reviewed and modified policies, insisting that they will n o longer subject juveniles to facilities with opposite sex members and an adult population, in exchange for finding them custodians that can more properly care for them. Many critics remain, however, as they have cited cases in at least four different states where the detainment on unaccompanied minors continues to be detrimental to the immigrants emotional and physical well being. Analysis Recent